AERODYN

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AERODYN (AEROsol DYNamics) is a new aerosol dynamics module used in ICON-ART. With AERODYN, secondary aerosol formations (e.g. the accumulation of SO2 on a volcanic ash particle) can be accounted for. Aerosol dynamic processes are the processes which change an aerosols properties after it has been released into the atmosphere. This change of properties (omitting chemical reactions) occurs either via condensation or coagulation. Since it is not feasible to account for every individual aerosol to calculate their movement, coagulation and condensation, AERODYN uses a total of 12 categories for aerosol modes.


Aerosol Modes in AERODYN

Traditionally, There are three categories to account for the aerosol sizes Whitby et. Al. (1978) : Aitken mode, accumulation mode and coarse mode. In AERODYN there is also a fourth mode, called giant mode, which accounts for especially large Aerosols, e.g. some species of pollen.

Since condensation can occur on a solid aerosol particle, as well as for a number of other reasons, it is possible to obtain aerosol modes which are a mixture of solid and liquid modes. To account for this, AERODYN combines 4 modes of aerosol size with the 3 modes soluble, insoluble and mixed. A Visual Representation is given here: AERODYNModes.png

when also adding the giant mode, the following configurations are possible:

AERODYN mode configurations
aitken accumulation coarse giant
soluble sol_aitken sol_acc sol_coarse sol_giant
insoluble insol_aitken insol_acc insol_coarse insol_giant
mixed mixed_aitken mixed_acc mixed_coarse mixed_giant


Defining Aerosols with AERODYN

AERODYN is meant to be as flexible as possible, allowing the user to quickly define their own aerosols and then use ICON-ART to simulate their dynamics. Aerosols are defined in .xml files, which can then be included in the run by specifying their path in the runfile (see Input for more details)

There are several Types of .xml files for different applications. The most important/most used .xml files are compiled in the following paragraphs.

Defining Tracers

Below is the tracers.xml, where the aerosols as well as their properties are defined. The properties to be defined are listed in the following table.


tracers.xml Parameters
Parameter type description example
aerosol id char specifies name of the aerosol "my_first_aerosol"
moment int specifies which momentum scheme is used (???) 3
mode char mode name from AERODYN mode configurations (multiple modes can be given, seperated by a comma) insol_giant,sol_aitken
mol_weight real specify the molar mass 30E-3
rho real specify the density in terms of unit 2e3
unit char specify what unit the aerosol will have kg-1
transport char specify transport scheme to be used hadv52aero 


<tracers>
	<aerosol id="nmb">
		<moment type="int">0</moment>
		<mode type="char">insol_acc,insol_coa,sol_acc,sol_coa,mixed_acc,mixed_coa</mode>
		<unit type="char">kg-1</unit>
		<transport type="char">hadv52aero</transport>
	</aerosol>
	<aerosol id="dust">
		<moment type="int">3</moment>
		<mode type="char">insol_acc,insol_coa,mixed_acc,mixed_coa</mode>
		<sol type="real">0.0</sol>
		<mol_weight type="real">50.00E-3</mol_weight>
		<rho type="real">2.650E3</rho>
		<unit type="char">mug kg-1</unit>
		<transport type="char">hadv52aero</transport>
	</aerosol>
	<aerosol id="na">
		<moment type="int">3</moment>
		<mode type="char">sol_acc,sol_coa,mixed_acc,mixed_coa</mode>
		<sol type="real">1.</sol>
		<mol_weight type="real">22.9898E-3</mol_weight>
		<rho type="real">2.2E+3</rho>
		<unit type="char">mug kg-1</unit>
		<transport type="char">hadv52aero</transport>
	</aerosol>
	<aerosol id="cl">
		<moment type="int">3</moment>
		<mode type="char">sol_acc,sol_coa,mixed_acc,mixed_coa</mode>
		<sol type="real">1.</sol>
		<mol_weight type="real">35.453E-3</mol_weight>
		<rho type="real">2.2E+3</rho>
		<unit type="char">mug kg-1</unit>
		<transport type="char">hadv52aero</transport>
	</aerosol>
	<aerosol id="h2o">
		<moment type="int">3</moment>
		<mode type="char">sol_acc,sol_coa</mode>
		<sol type="real">1.</sol>
		<mol_weight type="real">18.01528E-3</mol_weight>
		<rho type="real">1.E3</rho>
		<unit type="char">mug kg-1</unit>
		<transport type="char">off</transport>
	</aerosol>
</tracers>


Defining Modes

In the modes.xml the modes which are going to be used in the simulation can be defined. The following .xml contains the same information as Figure 3.1, but in a way the computer can interpret it.

modes.xml Parameters
Parameter type description example
aerosol id char specifies name of the aerosol "my_first_aerosol"
kind char specifies which properties are to be calculated in the model (eg 2mom -> mass mixing ratio and number concentration) 2mom
d_gn real median diameter of the lognormal aerosol distribution 2.0E-6
sigma_g real standard deviation of the lognormal aerosol distribution 2.2
condensation int switch to control if condensation can occur 0
icoag int switch to control if coagulation can occur 0
shift2larger char prevents mode from getting to large, then shifts size to given mode (mostly used for Aitken mode) insol_acc
shift_diam real defines the diameter where the aerosol is shifted to the given mode 0.08E-6
shift2mixed char shift to given mode when 5% of mass is liquid mixed_coa


Sometimes it is necessary for the type of an aerosol to change its given mode if its diameter gets too large or a large amount of condensation occurs. The mass can then be transferred to defined modes, as seen in the table above. 


<modes>
	<aerosol id="sol_acc">
		<kind type="char">2mom</kind>
		<d_gn type="real">0.2E-6</d_gn>
		<sigma_g type="real">2.0</sigma_g>
		<condensation type="int">0</condensation>
		<icoag type="int">1</icoag>
	</aerosol>
	<aerosol id="insol_acc">
		<kind type="char">2mom</kind>
		<d_gn type="real">6.445E-7</d_gn>
		<sigma_g type="real">1.700E+0</sigma_g>
		<condensation type="int">0</condensation>
		<shift2mixed type="char">mixed_acc</shift2mixed>
		<icoag type="int">1</icoag>
	</aerosol>
	<aerosol id="mixed_acc">
		<kind type="char">2mom</kind>
		<d_gn type="real">6.445E-7</d_gn>
		<sigma_g type="real">1.700E+0</sigma_g>
		<condensation type="int">0</condensation>
		<icoag type="int">1</icoag>
	</aerosol>
	<aerosol id="sol_coa">
		<kind type="char">2mom</kind>
		<d_gn type="real">2.0E-6</d_gn>
		<sigma_g type="real">2.2</sigma_g>
		<condensation type="int">0</condensation>
		<icoag type="int">1</icoag>
	</aerosol>
	<aerosol id="insol_coa">
		<kind type="char">2mom</kind>
		<d_gn type="real">2.0E-6</d_gn>
		<sigma_g type="real">2.2</sigma_g>
		<condensation type="int">0</condensation>
		<shift2mixed type="char">mixed_coa</shift2mixed>
		<icoag type="int">1</icoag>
	</aerosol>
	<aerosol id="mixed_coa">
		<kind type="char">2mom</kind>
		<d_gn type="real">2.0E-6</d_gn>
		<sigma_g type="real">2.2</sigma_g>
		<condensation type="int">0</condensation>
		<icoag type="int">1</icoag>
	</aerosol>
</modes>


Defining Coagulation

Here the behaviour of collision and subsequent merging (coagulation) between aerosols can be defined. If for example a solid (insol) aerosol merges with a liquid (sol) aerosol, the result should logically be a mixed aerosol, and so on. This can further be defined for all sizes of aerosols as seen in the example .xml for accumulation and coarse modes.

coagulate.xml Parameters
Parameter type description example
smallmode id char The aerosol_mode which is gonig to coagulate insol_acc
nmodes int Defines the number of modes for which the coagulation preocesses are defined 5
bigmode id char Inside angle brackets : coagulation partner of the given aerosol mode. Outside angle brackets: the new mode of the cagulated aerosols. <bigmode id="sol_acc" type="char">mixed_acc</bigmode> 
<coagulate>
	<smallmode id="sol_acc">
		<nmodes type="int">6</nmodes>
		<bigmode id="sol_acc" type="char">sol_acc</bigmode>
		<bigmode id="insol_acc" type="char">mixed_acc</bigmode>
		<bigmode id="mixed_acc" type="char">mixed_acc</bigmode>
		<bigmode id="sol_coa" type="char">sol_coa</bigmode>
		<bigmode id="insol_coa" type="char">mixed_coa</bigmode>
		<bigmode id="mixed_coa" type="char">mixed_coa</bigmode>
	</smallmode>
	<smallmode id="insol_acc">
		<nmodes type="int">5</nmodes>
		<bigmode id="insol_acc" type="char">insol_acc</bigmode>
		<bigmode id="mixed_acc" type="char">mixed_acc</bigmode>
		<bigmode id="sol_coa" type="char">mixed_coa</bigmode>
		<bigmode id="insol_coa" type="char">insol_coa</bigmode>
		<bigmode id="mixed_coa" type="char">mixed_coa</bigmode>
	</smallmode>
	<smallmode id="mixed_acc">
		<nmodes type="int">4</nmodes>
		<bigmode id="mixed_acc" type="char">mixed_acc</bigmode>
		<bigmode id="sol_coa" type="char">mixed_coa</bigmode>
		<bigmode id="insol_coa" type="char">mixed_coa</bigmode>
		<bigmode id="mixed_coa" type="char">mixed_coa</bigmode>
	</smallmode>
	<smallmode id="sol_coa">
		<nmodes type="int">3</nmodes>
		<bigmode id="sol_coa" type="char">sol_coa</bigmode>
		<bigmode id="insol_coa" type="char">mixed_coa</bigmode>
		<bigmode id="mixed_coa" type="char">mixed_coa</bigmode>
	</smallmode>
	<smallmode id="insol_coa">
		<nmodes type="int">2</nmodes>
		<bigmode id="insol_coa" type="char">insol_coa</bigmode>
		<bigmode id="mixed_coa" type="char">mixed_coa</bigmode>
	</smallmode>
	<smallmode id="mixed_coa">
		<nmodes type="int">1</nmodes>
		<bigmode id="mixed_coa" type="char">mixed_coa</bigmode>
	</smallmode>
</coagulate>

Defining the Model Output

In the diagnostics.xml the diagnostic variables that can be written out are defined. Below are some examples, however this is a heavily shortened version of the diagnostics.xml used in ICON-ART. 

<diagnostics>
	<aerosol id="diam_insol_acc">
		<productDefinitionTemplate type="int">40</productDefinitionTemplate>
		<discipline type="int">0</discipline>
		<parameterCategory type="int">254</parameterCategory>
		<parameterNumber type="int">201</parameterNumber>
		<constituentType type="int">62001</constituentType>
	</aerosol>
	<aerosol id="acc_drydepo">
		<tracername_list type="char">dust_insol_acc,dust_insol_coa,na_sol_acc,na_sol_coa,cl_sol_acc,cl_sol_coa,nmb_sol_acc,nmb_sol_coa,nmb_insol_acc,nmb_insol_coa</tracername_list>
		<parameterNumber_list type="char">6,6,6,6,6,6,192,192,192,192</parameterNumber_list>
		<productDefinitionTemplate_list type="char">67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67</productDefinitionTemplate_list>
		<typeOfStatisticalProcessing type="int">1</typeOfStatisticalProcessing>
		<bitsPerValue type="int">32</bitsPerValue>
		<typeOfDistributionFunction type="int">8</typeOfDistributionFunction>
		<numberOfModeOfDistribution type="int">3</numberOfModeOfDistribution>
		<numberOfDistributionFunctionParameters type="int">2</numberOfDistributionFunctionParameters>
	</aerosol>
	<aerosol id="acc_emiss">
		<tracername_list type="char">dust_insol_acc,dust_insol_coa,na_sol_acc,na_sol_coa,cl_sol_acc,cl_sol_coa,nmb_sol_acc,nmb_sol_coa,nmb_insol_acc,nmb_insol_coa</tracername_list>
		<parameterNumber_list type="char">3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3</parameterNumber_list>
		<productDefinitionTemplate_list type="char">67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67,67</productDefinitionTemplate_list>
		<typeOfStatisticalProcessing type="int">1</typeOfStatisticalProcessing>
		<bitsPerValue type="int">32</bitsPerValue>
		<typeOfDistributionFunction type="int">8</typeOfDistributionFunction>
		<numberOfModeOfDistribution type="int">3</numberOfModeOfDistribution>
		<numberOfDistributionFunctionParameters type="int">2</numberOfDistributionFunctionParameters>
	</aerosol>
</diagnostics>

Defining the Aerosol Emissions

Aerosol emissions can be defined via the aero_emiss.xml. Here you do not define the modes themselves but the distribution of the aerosols. ICON-ART then maps the given distribution on to the best fitting modes.


aero_emiss.xml Parameters
Parameter type description example
routine id char define the name of the emission routine dust
nmodes int number of aerosol modes to be emitted. The "X" in the following is to replaced by the numbers 1 to nmodes. 3
d_g0_X real median diameter weighted by number concentration. Has to be defined for every mode given by nmodes. 6.445E-7
d_g3_X real median diameter weighted by mass concentration. Has to be defined for every mode given by nmodes. 1.500E-6
rho real Density of the emitted aerosol 2.2E3
substances char name of the tracers about to be emitted na,cl 
<emiss>
	<routine id="dust">
		<nmodes type="int">3</nmodes>
		<d_g0_1 type="real">6.445E-7</d_g0_1>
		<d_g3_1 type="real">1.500E-6</d_g3_1>
		<sigma_g_1 type="real">1.700E+0</sigma_g_1>
		<d_g0_2 type="real">3.454E-6</d_g0_2>
		<d_g3_2 type="real">6.700E-6</d_g3_2>
		<sigma_g_2 type="real">1.600E+0</sigma_g_2>
		<d_g0_3 type="real">8.672E-6</d_g0_3>
		<d_g3_3 type="real">1.420E-5</d_g3_3>
		<sigma_g_3 type="real">1.500E+0</sigma_g_3>
		<rho type="real">2.650E3</rho>
		<substances type="char">dust</substances>
	</routine>
	<routine id="seas_mode1">
		<nmodes type="int">1</nmodes>
		<d_g0_1 type="real">0.100E-6</d_g0_1>
		<d_g3_1 type="real">0.433E-6</d_g3_1>
		<sigma_g_1 type="real">1.900E+0</sigma_g_1>
		<rho type="real">2.2E3</rho>
	<substances type="char">na,cl</substances>
	</routine>
	<routine id="seas_mode2">
		<nmodes type="int">1</nmodes>
		<d_g0_1 type="real">3.000E-6</d_g0_1>
		<d_g3_1 type="real">1.268E-5</d_g3_1>
		<sigma_g_1 type="real">2.000E+0</sigma_g_1>
		<rho type="real">2.2E3</rho>
		<substances type="char">na,cl</substances>
	</routine>
</emiss>
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